Multipath Fading Channel

Allows for the direct configuration of the Multipath Fading Channel’s parameters

\[\begin{split}\mathbf{g} &= \left[ g_{1}, g_{2}, \,\dotsc,\, g_{L} \right]^\mathsf{T} \in \mathbb{C}^{L} \\ \mathbf{k} &= \left[ K_{1}, K_{2}, \,\dotsc,\, K_{L} \right]^\mathsf{T} \in \mathbb{R}^{L} \\ \mathbf{\tau} &= \left[ \tau_{1}, \tau_{2}, \,\dotsc,\, \tau_{L} \right]^\mathsf{T} \in \mathbb{R}^{L} \\\end{split}\]

directly.

The following minimal example outlines how to configure the channel model within the context of a Simulation:

class MultipathFadingChannel(delays, power_profile, rice_factors, correlation_distance=inf, num_sinusoids=None, los_angle=None, doppler_frequency=None, los_doppler_frequency=None, antenna_correlation=None, gain=1.0, **kwargs)

Bases: Channel[MultipathFadingRealization, MultipathFadingSample], Serializable

Base class for the implementation of stochastic multipath fading channels.

Parameters:

• delays (numpy.ndarray) – Delay in seconds of each individual multipath tap. Denoted by \(\tau_{\ell}\) within the respective equations.

• power_profile (numpy.ndarray) – Power loss factor of each individual multipath tap. Denoted by \(g_{\ell}\) within the respective equations.

• rice_factors (numpy.ndarray) – Rice factor balancing line of sight and multipath in each individual channel tap. Denoted by \(K_{\ell}\) within the respective equations.

• correlation_distance (float, optional) – Distance at which channel samples are considered to be uncorrelated. \(\infty\) by default, i.e. the channel is considered to be fully correlated in space.

• num_sinusoids (int, optional) – Number of sinusoids used to sample the statistical distribution. Denoted by \(N\) within the respective equations.

• los_angle (float, optional) – Angle phase of the line of sight component within the statistical distribution.

• doppler_frequency (float, optional) – Doppler frequency shift of the statistical distribution. Denoted by \(\omega_{\ell}\) within the respective equations.

• antenna_correlation (AntennaCorrelation, optional) – Antenna correlation model. By default, the channel assumes ideal correlation, i.e. no cross correlations.

• gain (float, optional) – Linear power gain factor a signal experiences when being propagated over this realization. \(1.0\) by default.

• **kwargs (Any, optional) – Channel base class initialization parameters.

Raises:

• ValueError – If the length of delays, power_profile and rice_factors is not identical.

• ValueError – If delays are smaller than zero.

• ValueError – If power factors are smaller than zero.

• ValueError – If rice factors are smaller than zero.

recall_realization(group)

Recall a realization of this channel type from its HDF serialization.

Parameters:

group (h5py.Group) – HDF group to which the channel realization was serialized.

Return type:

MultipathFadingRealization

Returns: The recalled realization instance.

property antenna_correlation: AntennaCorrelation | None

Antenna correlations.

Returns:

Handle to the correlation model. None, if no model was configured and ideal correlation is assumed.

property correlation_distance: float

Correlation distance in meters.

Represents the distance over which the antenna correlation is assumed to be constant.

property delays: ndarray

Delays for each propagation path in seconds.

Represented by the sequence

\[\left[\tau_{1},\, \dotsc,\, \tau_{L} \right]^{\mathsf{T}} \in \mathbb{R}_{+}^{L}\]

of \(L\) propagtion delays within the respective equations.

property doppler_frequency: float

Doppler frequency in \(Hz\).

Represented by \(\omega\) within the respective equations.

property los_angle: float | None

Line of sight doppler angle in radians.

Represented by \(\theta_{0}\) within the respective equations.

property los_doppler_frequency: float

Line of sight Doppler frequency in \(Hz\).

Represented by \(\omega\) within the respective equations.

property max_delay: float

Maximum propagation delay in seconds.

property num_resolvable_paths: int

Number of dedicated propagation paths.

Represented by \(L\) within the respective equations.

property num_sinusoids: int

Number of sinusoids assumed to model the fading in time-domain.

Represented by \(N\) within the respective equations.

Raises:

ValueError – For values smaller than zero.

property power_profile: ndarray

Gain factors of each propagation path.

Represented by the sequence

\[\left[g_{1},\, \dotsc,\, g_{L} \right]^{\mathsf{T}} \in \mathbb{R}_{+}^{L}\]

of \(L\) propagtion factors within the respective equations.

property rice_factors: ndarray

Rice factors balancing line of sight and non-line of sight power components for each propagation path.

Represented by the sequence

\[\left[K_{1},\, \dotsc,\, K_{L} \right]^{\mathsf{T}} \in \mathbb{R}_{+}^{L}\]

of \(L\) factors within the respective equations.