Noise¶

Hardware noise is one of the primary factors limiting the performance of wireless systems in both communication and sensing applications. While any processing step introduces noise to some extent, Hermes currently assumes receiving front-ends to be the primary source of noise power added to any incoming signal.

HermesPy’s noise configuration consists of classes, the NoiseModel representing the noise’s statistical properties and the NoiseLevel representing the noise’s power level.

When generating a new realization of the statistical NoiseModel, the expected power returned by the NoiseLevel's get_power() method is passed to the realize method to obtain a NoiseRealization instance.

        flowchart LR

model[NoiseModel] -->|realize| realization[NoiseRealization]
level[NoiseLevel] -->|get_power| realization

The currently available implementations of noise models are

Model	Realization	Description
AWGN Model	AWGN Realization	Complex additive white Gaussian noise.

The currently available noise levels

Level	Description
N0	Noise floor in terms of watts.
SNR	Signal-to-noise ratio with respect to a reference.
EBN0	Bit energy to noise power ratio with respect to a waveform.
ESN0	Symbol energy to noise power ratio with respect to a waveform.

Configuring a SimulatedDevice's thermal noise model is as simple as setting its noise porperty to an instance of a noise model.

# Create a new device
simulation = Simulation()
device = simulation.new_device()

# Configure the device's default noise model
device.noise_model = NoiseModel()

Of course, the abstract Noise model in the above snippet has to be replaced with a specific implementation from the above table. The actual noise level can be adjusted indepentely from the model by either setting the default noise level property.

# Specify the noise's default power
device.noise_level = NoiseLevel(dB(-20))

# Alternatively: Specify the device's receive SNR
device.noise_level = SNR(dB(20), device)

If the noise level object is already initialized and only the represented power level needs to be adjusted, the shift operator can be used as a shortcut.

# Shorthand for the noise level
device.noise_level << dB(-21)

class NoiseModel(seed=None)[source]¶

Bases: RandomNode, Generic[NRT]

Noise modeling base class.

Parameters:: seed (int, optional) – Random seed for initializating the pseud-random number generator.

add_noise(signal, power)[source]¶

Add noise to a signal model.

Parameters:

signal (Signal) – The signal to which the noise should be added.
power (float) – Power of the added noise in Watt.

Return type:

Signal

Returns: Signal model with added noise.

abstract realize(power)[source]¶

Realize the noise model.

Parameters:: power (float, optional) – Power of the added noise in Watt.
Return type:: TypeVar(NRT, bound= NoiseRealization)

Returns: Noise model realization.

class NoiseLevel[source]¶

Bases: ScalarDimension, Serializable

Base class for all noise level configuration classes.

abstract get_power()[source]¶

Power of the noise level.

Returns: Power in Watt.

Return type:: float

abstract property level: float¶

Scalar level of the represented noise.

Raises:: ValueError – If the noise level is negative.

class NoiseRealization(noise, power)[source]¶

Bases: RandomRealization

Realization of a noise model

Parameters:

noise (Noise) – Noise model to be realized.
power (float) – Power indicator of the noise model.

abstract add_to(signal)[source]¶

Parameters:: signal (Signal) – The signal to which the noise should be added.
Return type:: Signal

Returns: Signal model with added noise.

property power: float¶

Power of the noise realization.

Returns: Power in Watt.

class NRT¶

Type of noise realization

alias of TypeVar(‘NRT’, bound=NoiseRealization)